I encountered this issue using the latest Drupal 10.3 on my local environment. When accessing the back-end of an individual paragraph, for example: /admin/structure/paragraphs_type/home_media/fields, a 500 error appears. After some trial and error, I managed to resolve the issue by setting ‘debug_cacheability_headers’ to false in the development.services.yml.
parameters:
http.response.debug_cacheability_headers: false
twig.config:
debug: true
services:
cache.backend.null:
class: Drupal\Core\Cache\NullBackendFactory
I did not spend more time investigating the issue.